![]() Sima Qian in his biography mentions his name as Lǎo Dān ( 老 聃, Lǎo Dān). ![]() A prominent posthumous name was Dan ( 聃, Dān). Bóyáng), with his surname being Li ( 李 Lǐ). Ěr) and his courtesy name as Boyang ( trad. ![]() In traditional accounts, Laozi's actual personal name is given as Er ( 耳, Old * nə ʔ, Mod. Laozi itself is a Chinese honorific title: 老 ( Old * r ˤu ʔ, "old, venerable") and 子 ( Old * tsə ʔ, "master"). Laozi's work has been embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements, and has had a profound impact on subsequent Chinese philosophers, who have both commended and criticized his work extensively. A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is claimed by both the emperors of the Tang dynasty and modern people of the Li surname as a founder of their lineage. Some modern historians consider him to have lived during the Warring States period of the 4th century BCE. He is the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching, the founder of philosophical Taoism, and a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions.Ī semi-legendary figure, Laozi is usually portrayed as a 6th-century BCE contemporary of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn period. Laozi ( Chinese: 老子, Mandarin: commonly translated as "Old Master"), also rendered as Lao Tzu ( / ˈ l aʊ ˈ t s uː, - ˈ d z ʌ/), or Lao-Tze ( / ˈ l aʊ ˈ d z eɪ/), proper name Li Er, courtesy name Boyang, was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer.
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